Complete the notes. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Advice on surfing holidays

Jack’s advice

• Recommends surfing for 1. holidays in the summer

• Need to be quite 2.

Irish surfing locations

• County Clare

–  Lahinch has some good quality 3. and surf schools
–  There are famous cliffs nearby

• County Mayo

–  Good surf school at 4. beach

–  Surf camp lasts for one 5.

–  Can also explore the local 6. by kayak

• Best month to go: 7.

• Average temperature in summer: approx. 8. degrees

• Equipment

–  Wetsuit and surfboard: 9. euros per day

–  Also advisable to hire 10. for warmth

Complete the notes. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Bird Migration Theory

Most birds are believed to migrate seasonally.

Hibernation theory

• It was believed that birds hibernated underwater or buried themselves in 31. 

• This theory was later disproved by experiments on caged birds.

Transmutation theory

• Aristotle believed birds changed from one species into another in summer and winter.

–  In autumn he observed that redstarts experience the loss of 32.  and thought they then turned into robins.
–  Aristotle’s assumptions were logical because the two species of birds had a similar 33. 

17th century

• Charles Morton popularised the idea that birds fly to the 34.  in winter.

Scientific developments

• In 1822, a stork was killed in Germany which had an African spear in its 35. 

–  previously there had been no 36.  that storks migrate to Africa

• Little was known about the 37. and journeys of migrating birds until the practice of ringing was established.

–  It was thought large birds carried small birds on some journeys because they were considered incapable of travelling across huge 38. 
–  Ringing depended on what is called the 39.‘ ’ of dead birds.

• In 1931, the first 40. to show the migration of European birds was printed.